Configure SSL for Kestra

Configure secure access to the Kestra UI via HTTPS.

This guide walks through the steps to configure secure access via https to the Kestra UI.

Why use SSL/TLS encryption

In short, adding TLS encryption to your environment provides the following benefits:

Data is encrypted in transit, preventing sensitive data from being intercepted in "man-in-the-middle" attacks.
TLS adds a layer of trust by ensuring users know the URL they access is genuine (e.g., https://mycompany.kestra.com/ui is verified as an internal site).

For further details, Cloudflare has a good write-up on why you should use https.

Creating self-signed certificates

To get started in lower environments, you can create self-signed certificates using the OpenSSL library. Full details on the steps and how to examine the certificates and keys in more detail can be found in this Micronaut article.

While self-signed certificates encrypt traffic, they are considered unsuitable for production usage. They are deemed untrustworthy, as they do not come from a trusted Certificate Authority (CA) such as Let's Encrypt. Follow your organization's best practices when choosing a CA provider.

bash

# Create a folder which will be later mounted to the kestra container
mkdir -p /app/ssl
cd /app/ssl

bash

# Create CA in PEM format along with private key
openssl req -x509 -sha256 -days 365 -newkey rsa:4096 \
  -keyout cacert.key -out cacert.pem \
  -subj '/CN=example.kestra.com/C=IE/O=kestra' \
  -passout pass:changeit

# Create certificate signing request
openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 \
  -keyout server.key -out server.csr \
  -subj '/CN=example.kestra.com/C=IE/O=kestra' \
 -passout pass:changeit

# Create the server configuration which will be used to sign the certificate
cat <<< 'authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.1 = localhost' > server.conf

# sign certificate
openssl x509 -req -CA cacert.pem -CAkey cacert.key \
        -in server.csr -out server.pem -days 365 \
        -CAcreateserial -extfile server.conf \
        -passin pass:changeit

# Create server.p12
openssl pkcs12 -export -out server.p12 -name "localhost" \
        -inkey server.key -in server.pem \
        -passin pass:changeit \
        -passout pass:changeit

# Create keystore.p12 with JDK keytool
keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore server.p12 \
        -srcstoretype pkcs12 -destkeystore keystore.p12 \
        -deststoretype pkcs12 \
        -deststorepass changeit -srcstorepass changeit

# Create truststore.jks
keytool -import -trustcacerts -noprompt -alias ca \
        -ext san=dns:localhost,ip:127.0.0.1 \
        -file cacert.pem -keystore truststore.jks \
        -storepass changeit -keypass changeit

Sample Kestra configuration with SSL enabled

Enable HTTPS through the micronaut configuration settings. These are set at the root level within the Kestra configuration.

Ensure that you expose the secure port of the connection if different from the default port.

yaml

  kestra:
    image: registry.kestra.io/docker/kestra:latest
    pull_policy: always
    user: "root"
    command: server standalone --worker-thread=128
    volumes:
      - kestra-data:/app/storage
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      - tmp-kestra:/tmp/kestra-wd
      - /app/ssl:/app/ssl
    ports:
      - "8443:8443"
    environment:
      KESTRA_CONFIGURATION: |
        micronaut:
          security:
            x509:
              enabled: false
          ssl:
            enabled: true
          server:
            ssl:
              port: 8443
              enabled: true
              clientAuthentication: want
              keyStore:
                path: file:/app/ssl/server.p12
                password: changeit
                type: PKCS12
              trustStore:
                path: file:/app/ssl/truststore.jks
                password: changeit
                type: JKS
        datasources:
          postgres:
            url: jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/kestra
            driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver
            username: kestra
            password: k3str4
        kestra:
          server:
            basic-auth:
              enabled: false
              username: "admin@kestra.io" # it must be a valid email address
              password: kestra
          repository:
            type: postgres
          storage:
            type: local
            local:
              base-path: "/app/storage"
          queue:
            type: postgres
          tasks:
            tmp-dir:
              path: /tmp/kestra-wd/tmp
          ports:
            - "8443:8443"

Outbound SSL configuration

If Kestra tasks make outbound calls to other services, secure the process by configuring SSL for outbound traffic. You can accomplish this in your Kestra configuration file by passing the following JVM options in the JAVA_OPTS environment variable:

yaml

JAVA_OPTS: "-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/app/ssl/truststore.jks -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit"

Below is an example configuration file with the newly added environment variable:

yaml

  kestra:
    image: registry.kestra.io/docker/kestra:latest
    pull_policy: always
    user: "root"
    command: server standalone --worker-thread=128
    volumes:
      - kestra-data:/app/storage
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      - tmp-kestra:/tmp/kestra-wd
      - /app/ssl:/app/ssl
    ports:
      - "8443:8443"
    environment:
      JAVA_OPTS: "-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/app/ssl/truststore.jks -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit" # Add in the JVM options as an environment variable
      KESTRA_CONFIGURATION: |
        micronaut:
          security:
            x509:
              enabled: false
          ssl:
            enabled: true
          server:
            ssl:
              port: 8443
              enabled: true
              clientAuthentication: want
              keyStore:
                path: file:/app/ssl/server.p12
                password: changeit
                type: PKCS12
              trustStore:
                path: file:/app/ssl/truststore.jks
                password: changeit
                type: JKS
        datasources:
          postgres:
            url: jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/kestra
            driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver
            username: kestra
            password: k3str4
        kestra:
          server:
            basic-auth:
              enabled: false
              username: "admin@kestra.io" # it must be a valid email address
              password: kestra
          repository:
            type: postgres
          storage:
            type: local
            local:
              base-path: "/app/storage"
          queue:
            type: postgres
          tasks:
            tmp-dir:
              path: /tmp/kestra-wd/tmp
          ports:
            - "8443:8443"

Enabling CSRF Protection

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is an attack where a malicious website or email tricks a user's browser into performing unwanted actions on a trusted site while authenticated.

To enable CSRF protection, you must ensure that your instance has TLS/SSL enabled. Once this is configured, add the following to your configuration file:

yaml

micronaut:
  security:
    csrf:
      enabled: true

This setting enables CSRF protection on all endpoints that reach /api/.*.

Configuring SSL with Kubernetes

For Kubernetes deployments, you can enable HTTPS either by configuring TLS at the Ingress level or by using self-signed certificates at the application level.

Using Ingress with TLS Termination (Recommended for Production)

Most cloud providers expect TLS termination at the ingress controller. Here's how to configure HTTPS using Let's Encrypt certificates:

Install cert-manager (automates certificate management — to select a different version, check the available releases on GitHub):
bash
```
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/cert-manager/cert-manager/releases/download/v1.17.1/cert-manager.yaml
```

Create a Let's Encrypt issuer (replace your-email@example.com):

yaml

apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: ClusterIssuer
metadata:
  name: letsencrypt-prod
spec:
  acme:
    server: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
    email: your-email@example.com
    privateKeySecretRef:
      name: letsencrypt-prod
    solvers:
    - http01:
        ingress:
          class: nginx # Update for your ingress controller

Configure Ingress with TLS (Azure AKS example):

yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: kestra-ingress
  annotations:
    cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-prod
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
spec:
  tls:
    - hosts:
        - kestra.yourdomain.com
      secretName: kestra-tls
  rules:
    - host: kestra.yourdomain.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            pathType: Prefix
            backend:
              service:
                name: kestra-service
                port:
                  number: 80

Using Self-Signed Certificates (For Testing)

Generate certificates using the OpenSSL commands from the previous section.

Create TLS secret:

bash

kubectl create secret tls kestra-tls \
  --cert=server.pem \
  --key=server.key

Reference the secret in your Ingress:

yaml

spec:
  tls:
    - hosts:
        - kestra.yourdomain.com
      secretName: kestra-tls

Application-Level SSL Configuration

For environments where ingress TLS termination isn't available:

Create secret with SSL files:

bash

kubectl create secret generic kestra-ssl \
  --from-file=keystore.p12 \
  --from-file=truststore.jks

Configure Kestra deployment:

yaml

env:
  - name: KESTRA_CONFIGURATION
    value: |
      micronaut:
        server:
          ssl:
            enabled: true
            port: 8443
            keyStore:
              path: file:/app/ssl/keystore.p12
              password: changeit
              type: PKCS12
volumeMounts:
  - name: ssl-secret
    mountPath: "/app/ssl"
volumes:
  - name: ssl-secret
    secret:
      secretName: kestra-ssl

Expose HTTPS port in your service:

yaml

ports:
  - name: https
    port: 8443
    targetPort: 8443

Production deployments on cloud platforms such as Azure AKS typically require valid certificates from trusted CAs for SSO integration. Self-signed certificates may work for testing but aren't suitable for production use.

Verifying the Configuration

Check certificate validity with:

bash

kubectl get certificate kestra-tls -w

Expected output:

text

NAME        READY   SECRET      AGE
kestra-tls  True    kestra-tls  5m

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